Abrams, M. (1975). Subjective measures of perceived injustices. Paper presented at the Conference on Subjective Measures of Quality of Life, Cambridge, England.

Adhikari, B., Kaehler, N., Chapman, R. S., Raut, S., & Roche, P. (2014). Factors Affecting Perceived Stigma in Leprosy Affected Persons in Western Nepal. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(6). doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002940

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5 (5 ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.

Andrews, F. M. (1974). Social indicators of perceived life quality. Social Indicators Research, 1(3), 279-299. doi:10.1007/BF00303860

Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of wellbeing: Americans' perceptions of life quality. New York: Plenum Press.

Angoff, W. H. (Ed.) (1993). Perspectives on Differential Item Functioning Methodology. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

Arbuckle, J. L. (2012). IBM® SPSS® Amos™ 21 User’s Guide. Chicargo: SPSS.

Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. New York, NY, US: Methuen.

Argyle, M. (2001). The psychology of happiness. New York: Academic Press.

Argyle, M., & Lu, L. (1990). The happiness of extraverts. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1011–1017.

Aristotle. (1984). Nicomachean Ethics. In J. Bywater (Ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved from http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg010.perseus-grc1:1169b.1.

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Australian Demographic Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/Population

Australian Centre on Quality of Life. (2002). Australian Unity Wellbeing Index Survey 4 Retrieved from Melbourne, Australia:

Australian Centre on Quality of Life. (2016). Quality of LIfe Instruments. Retrieved from http://www.acqol.com.au/instruments/instrument.php

Barrett, L. F., & Russell, J. A. (1999). The structure of current affect: Controversies and emerging consensus. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(1), 10-14. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00003

Barrett, R. (2005). Self-mortification and the stigma of leprosy in northern India. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 19(2), 216–230.

Beedie, C. J., Terry, P. C., & Lane, A. M. (2005). Distinctions between emotion and mood. Cognition & Emotion, 19(6), 847-878. doi:10.1080/02699930541000057

Bejar, I. I. (1980). Biased assessment of program impact due to psychometric artifacts. Psychological Bulletin, 87(3), 513-524. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.87.3.513

Bendig, A. W. (1953). The reliability of self-ratings as a function of the amount of verbal anchoring and the number of categories on the scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 37, 38-41.

Benítez, I., Padilla, J. L., & Van de Vijver, F. (2019). A Mixed Methods Approach to the Analysis of Bias in Cross-cultural Studies. Sociological Methods and Research. doi:10.1177/0049124119852390

Bense, N., Das, P., Rao, P. S., & John, A. S. (2013). Enhancing counselling strategies for leprosy patients through the participation scale. Leprosy Review, 84(3), 199-208.

Benson, P. H. (1971). How many scales and how many categories shall we use in consumer research? A comment. Journal of Marketing, 35, 59-61.

Bentler, P. M. (2005). EQS 6 Structural equations program manual. Multivariate Software: Encino.

Bhola, H. S. (1994). A sourcebook for literacy work: Perspective from the grassroots. Paris: UNESCO.

Biswas-Diener, R., & Diener, E. (2001). Making the Best of a Bad Situation: Satisfaction in the Slums of Calcutta. An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 55(3), 329-352. doi:10.1023/A:1010905029386

Bittar, R. (2009). Subjective Wellbeing Maintenance: Investigating Depression as Suppressed Homeostatically Protected Mood. Thesis. Deakin University.

Blore, J., Stokes, M., Mellor, D., Firth, L., & Cummins, R. A. (2011). Comparing Multiple Discrepancies Theory to Affective Models of Subjective Wellbeing. Social Indicators Research, 100(1), 1-16. doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9599-2

Blore, J. D. (2008). Subjective Wellbeing: Assessment of Competing Theories. (Doctor of Philosophy), Deakin University, Melbourne.

Boot, A. S. (1981). Reliability testing of psychographic scales. Journal of Advertising Research, 21, 53-60.

Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The Structure of Psychological Well-being. Chicago: Aldine.

Brailovskaia, J., & Margraf, J. (2018). How to measure self-esteem with one item? Validation of the German single-item self-esteem scale (G-SISE). Current Psychology. doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9911-x

Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978). Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(8), 917-927. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.8.917

Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216. doi:10.1177/135910457000100301

Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In W. Lonner, L & J. Berry, W (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 137-164). Newbury Park: Sage.

Britton, W. J., & Lockwood, D. N. J. (2004). Leprosy. The Lancet(9416), 1209. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15952-7

Bromiley, G. W. (1985). Theological dictionary of the New Testament. In G. F. Kittel, Gerhard Bromiley, Geoffrey William (Ed.), Theological dictionary of the New Testament (pp. xxxvi; 1356). Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans.

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternate ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. J. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). London: Sage.

Bunnin, N., & Yu, J. (2003). The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy (N. Bunnin & E. P. Tsui-James Eds. 2 ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Bunnin, N., & Yu, J. (2004). The Blackwell dictionary of Western Philosophy. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers LTD.

Busseri, M., Sadava, S., Molnar, D., & DeCourville, N. (2009). A Person-Centered Approach to Subjective Well-Being. An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 10(2), 161-181. doi:10.1007/s10902-007-9072-3

Busseri, M. A. (2018). Examining the structure of subjective well-being through meta-analysis of the associations among positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 122, 68-71. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.003

Busseri, M. A., & Sadava, S. W. (2011). A Review of the Tripartite Structure of Subjective Well-Being: Implications for Conceptualization, Operationalization, Analysis, and Synthesis (Vol. 15, pp. 290-314).

Byrne, B. (2010). Structural equation modelling in AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2 ed.). New York: Routledge.

Cameron, P. (1974). Three faces of happiness. Psychology Today, 8, 63-64.

Cameron, P. (1975). Mood as an Indicant of Happiness: Age, Sex, Social Class, and Situational Differences. Journal of Gerontology, 30(2), 216-224. doi:10.1093/geronj/30.2.216

Campbell, A. (1976). Subjective measures of well-being. American Psychologist, 31, 117-124.

Campbell, A. (1981). The Sense of Well-Being in America. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Campbell, A., & Converse, P. (1972). The Human Meaning of Social Change. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The Quality of American Life: Perceptions, Evaluations, and Satisfactions. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Cannon, W. B. (1932). The wisdom of the body. New York: W. W. Norton.

Cantril, H. (1967). The Human Dimension: Experience in Policy Research. New Jersey.: Rutgers University Press.

Capic, T., Hutchinson, D., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Richardson, B., Khor, S., Olsson, C., & Cummins, R. A. (2017). Australian Unity Wellbeing Index: -Report 34.0 - The Wellbeing of Australians: Financial Wellbeing. Retrieved from Melbourne:

Capic, T., Li, N., & Cummins, R. A. (2018). Confirmation of Subjective Wellbeing Set-Points: Foundational for Subjective Social Indicators. Social Indicators Research, 137(1), 1-28. doi:10.1007/s11205-017-1585-5

Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1991). Reliability and validity assessment Quantitative Applications in the Social Science. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Catell, R. B. (1966). The scree test for number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1, 245–276.

Chang, E. C., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & D'Zurilla, T. J. (1997). Optimism and pessimism as partially independent constructs: Relationship to positive and negative affectivity and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 23(3), 433-440. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00040-8

Chao, R. C.-L., Vidacovich, C., & Green, K. E. (2016). Rasch Analysis of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale With African Americans. Psychological Assessment. doi:10.1037/pas0000347

Chen, C., Lee, S., & Stevenson, H. W. (1995). Response style and cross-cultural comparisons of rating scales among East Asian and North American students. Psychological Science, 6(3), 170-175.

Chen, F. (2007). Sensitivity of Goodness of Fit Indexes to Lack of Measurement Invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 464-504. doi:10.1080/10705510701301834

Chen, F. F., Sousa, K. H., & West, S. G. (2005). Teacher's Corner: Testing Measurement Invariance of Second-Order Factor Models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 12(3), 471-492. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1203_7

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 9(2), 233-255. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5

Chi, Y. (2019). R Tutorial with Bayesian Statistics Using OpenBUGS. Retrieved from http://www.r-tutor.com/content/r-tutorial-ebook

Clark, A. E., & Senik, C. (2011). Will GDP Growth Increase Happiness in Developing Countries? Disscusion Paper Series IZA, Discussion Paper No. 5595, 1-45.

Coben, D. (2003). Adult numeracy: review of research and related literature. Retrieved from London: www.nrdc.org.uk

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Compton, W. (2000). Meaningfulness as a mediator of subjective well-being (Vol. 87).

Coopersmith, S. (1967). Some expressions of self-esteem. In W. H. Freeman (Ed.), The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

Corwyn, R. F. (2000). The Factor Structure of Global Self-Esteem among Adolescents and Adults. Journal of Research in Personality, 34(4), 357-379. doi:10.1006/jrpe.2000.2291

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Cote, J. A., & Buckley, M. R. (1987). Estimating Trait, Method, and Error Variance: Generalizing Across 70 Construct Validation Studies. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), 24(3), 315.

Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive : studies in evaluative dependence. New York: Wiley.

Cummins, R., Lau, A., Davey, G., & McGillivray, J. (2010). Measuring Subjective Wellbeing: The Personal Wellbeing Index - Interllectual Disability. In R. Kober (Ed.), Enhancing the Quality of LIfe of people with Interlectual Disability: From Theory to Practice (pp. 33-46). New York: Springer.

Cummins, R. A. (1995). On the trail of the gold standard for subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 35, 179-200.

Cummins, R. A. (1996). The domains of life satisfaction: An attempt to order chaos. Social Indicators Research, 38(3), 303-328. doi:10.1007/BF00292050

Cummins, R. A. (1998). Quality of Life Definition and Terminology: A discussion document from the Interntional Society for Quality of Life Studies Part 1. Retrieved from

Cummins, R. A. (1998). Quality of Life Definition and Terminology: A discussion document from the Interntional Society for Quality of Life Studies Part 2. Retrieved from

Cummins, R. A. (2000). Objective and subjective quality of life: An interactive model. Social Indicators Research, 52(1), 55-72.

Cummins, R. A. (2000). Personal income and subjective well-being: A review. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1(2), 133–158. doi:10.1023/A:1010079728426

Cummins, R. A. (2000). Personal income and subjective wellbeing: a review. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1, 133-158.

Cummins, R. A. (2002). Vale ComQol: Caveats to using the comprehensive quality of life scale. Welcome: the personal wellbeing index. Retrieved from http://www.deakin.edu.au/research/acqol/instruments/

Cummins, R. A. (2003). Normative Life Satisfaction: Measurement Issues and a Homeostatic Model. Social Indicators Research, 64(2), 225-256. doi:10.1023/A:1024712527648

Cummins, R. A. (2009). Health Psychology: Subjective Well-Being and Core Affect. In S. Agarwala, I. Das, & K. Kumar (Eds.), Health Psychology. New Delhi: Allied Publishers.

Cummins, R. A. (2010). Subjective wellbeing, homeostatically protected mood and depression: A synthesis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 1-17.

Cummins, R. A. (2014). Gender dimensions of life quality for adults in Australia: Springer.

Cummins, R. A. (2015). Cummins QOL Pandect: Threats to scale validity. Unpublished. Deakin University. Quality of Life Group.

Cummins, R. A. (2016). The Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis: A Contribution to Understanding Life Quality. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), A Life Devoted to Quality of Life: Festschrift in Honor of Alex C. Michalos. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Cummins, R. A. (2016). The theory of subjective wellbeing homeostasis: A contribution to understanding life quality. In F. Maggino (Ed.), A Life Devoted to Quality of Life - Festschrift in Honor of Alex C. Michalos. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

Cummins, R. A. (2017). The Golden Triangle of Happiness: Essential resources for a happy family. International Journal of Child, Youth & Family Studies: Special Issue on Quality of Life and Family Quality of Life.

Cummins, R. A. (2017). Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis. In D. S. Dunn (Ed.), Oxford Bibliographies in Psychology (2 ed.). New York: New York: Oxford University Press.

Cummins, R. A. (2018). The Golden Triangle of Happiness: Essential resources for a happy family. International Journal of Child, Youth & Family Studies: Special Issue on Quality of Life and Family Quality of Life.

Cummins, R. A. (2018). Measuring and Interpreting Subjective Wellbeing in Different Cultural Contexts. In K. Keith (Ed.), Cambridge Elements: Psuchology and Culture. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Cummins, R. A. (2018). Subjective Wellbeing as a Social Indicator. Social Indicators Research, 135(3), 879-891. doi:10.1007/s11205-016-1496-x

Cummins, R. A., Andelman, R., Board, R., Carman, L., Ferriss, A., Friedman, P., . . . Veenhoven, R. (1998). Quality of Life Definition and Terminology: A discussion document from the Interntional Society for Quality of Life Studies Part 2. Retrieved from http://www.isqols.org/resource/quality-of-life-definition-and-terminology/

Cummins, R. A., Capic, T., Hutchinson, D., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., & Olsson, C. (2018). Why self-report variables inter-correlate: The role of Homeostatically Protected Mood (HPMood) Journal of Happiness Studies TBA, TBA. doi:TBA

Cummins, R. A., Collard, J., Woerner, J., Weinberg, M., Lorbergs, M., & Charini, P. (2009). Australian unity wellbeing index, survey 22: The Wellbeing of Australians—Who makes the decisions, health/wealth control, financial advice, and handedness. Retrieved from Australian Centre on Quality of Life:

Cummins, R. A., & Gullone, E. (2000). Why we should not use 5-point Likert scales: The case for subjective quality of life measurement. Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Quality of Life in Cities Singapore.

Cummins, R. A., & Lau, A. D. L. (2005). Personal wellbeing index: School children (PWI-SC) (3rd ed). from Deakin University http://www.deakin.edu.au/research/acqol/instruments/wellbeing_index.htm.

Cummins, R. A., & Lau, A. L. (2005). Personal Wellbeing Index – School Children (PWI-SC) (English) 3rd Edition. Retrieved from School of Psychology:

Cummins, R. A., & Lau, A. L. D. (2004). The Motivation to Maintain Subjective Well-Being: A Homeostatic Model International Review of Research in Mental Retardation (Vol. Volume 28, pp. 255-301): Academic Press.

Cummins, R. A., & Lau, A. L. D. (2005). Personal Wellbeing Index - Intellectual Disability (English) Manual 3rd Edition. Deakin University, Melbourne: Australian Centre on Quality of Life.

Cummins, R. A., & Lau, A. L. D. (2005). Quality of Life Measurement. In R. Norman & D. Currow (Eds.), Supportive care of the urology patient (pp. 5-23). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cummins, R. A., & Lau, A. L. D. (2010). Well-being across cultures : issues of measurement and the interpretation of data: Wiley - Blackwell.

Cummins, R. A., Lau, A. L. D., Davey, G., & McGillivray, J. (2010). Measuring Subjective Wellbeing: The Personal Wellbeing Index. In R. Kober (Ed.), Enhancing the Quality of Life of People with Interlectual Disabilities: From Theory to Practice (pp. 33-46). New York: Springer.

Cummins, R. A., Lau, A. L. D., Davey, G., & McGillivray, J. (2010). Measuring Subjective Wellbeing: The Personal Wellbeing Index – Intellectual Disability. In R. Kober (Ed.), Enhancing the quality of life of people with interlectual disability: From theory to practice (pp. 33-46). New York: Springer.

Cummins, R. A., Li, N., Wooden, J. M., & Stokes, M. A. (2014). A Demonstration of Set-Points for Subjective Wellbeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 183-206. doi:10.1007/s10902-013-9444-9

Cummins, R. A., & Nistico, H. (2002). Maintaining life satisfaction: the role of positive cognitive bias. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 37-69.

Cummins, R. A., & Weinberg, M. K. (2015). Multi-item Measurement of Subjective Wellbeing: Subjective Approaches. In W. Glatzer, L. Camfield, V. Moller, & M. Rojas (Eds.), Global Handbook of Quality of LIfe: Exploration of Well-being of Nations and Continents (pp. 239-268). Dordrecht: Springer.

Cummins, R. A., Woerner, J., Tomyn, A., Gibson, A., & Knapp, T. (2006). The wellbeing of Australians - Income security (Australian Unity Wellbeing Index Survey 15.0). Retrieved from Melbourne, Victoria:

Cummins, R. A., Woerner, J., Tomyn, A., Gibson, A., Lai, L., & Collard, J. (2008). Australian Unity Wellbeing Index: Report 18 - The wellbeing of Australians – Changing conditions to make life better. . Retrieved from Melbourne, Australia:

Cummins, R. A., Woerner, J., Weinberg, M., & Perera, C. (2010). Australian Unity Wellbeing Index Survey 23.0: The Wellbeing of Australians – Life Better/Worse, Children and Neighbourhood. Retrieved from Australian Centre on Quality of Life: http://www.deakin.edu.au/research/acqol/index_wellbeing/index.htm

Cummins, R. A., Woerner, J., Weinberg, M. K., Collard, J., Hartley-Clark, L., & Horfiniak, K. (2013). Australian Unity Wellbeing Index Survey 30.0: The Wellbeing of Australians: Social media, personal achievement, and work. Australian Centre on Quality of Life: Deakin University Retrieved from http://www.deakin.edu.au/research/acqol/reports/survey-reports/survey-030-report-part-a.pdf.

Cummins, R. A., & Wooden, J. M. (2014). Personal Resilience in Times of Crisis: The Implications of SWB Homeostasis and Set-Points. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 223-235.

Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The Robustness of Test Statistics to Nonnormality and Specification Error in Confirmatory Factor Analysis Psychological Methods 1 (1), 16-29

Dalkey, N. C. (1972). Studies in the Quality of Life. Lexington: Health Company.

Dalkey, N. C. (1972). Studies in the Quality of Life: Delphi and Decision-Making. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books.

Danker, F. W. A. (2000). Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (3 ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Davern, M. T., Cummins, R. A., & Stokes, M. A. (2007). Subjective Wellbeing as an Affect-Cognitive Construct. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8, 429-449.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: an introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 1-11. doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9018-1

Dember, W. N., & Brooks, J. (1989). A new instrument for measuring optimism and pessimism: Test-retest reliability and relations with happiness and religious commitment. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27, 365–366.

DeNeve, K., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective wellbeing. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 197–229.

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542

Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34

Diener, E. (2006). Guidelines for National Indicators of Subjective Well-Being and Ill-Being, Editorial. Journal of Happiness Studies, pp. 397-404.

Diener, E., & Arora, R. (2009). Assessing well-being: Dordrecht ; New York : Springer, [2009].

Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology(4), 653.

Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 653-663. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.653

Diener, E., Diener, M., & Diener, C. (1995). Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 851-864.

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personlaity Assessment, 49, 71–75.

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

Diener, E., Kanazawa, S., Suh, E. M., & Oishi, S. (2015). Why People Are in a Generally Good Mood. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(3), 235-256. doi:10.1177/1088868314544467

Diener, E., & Lucas, R. E. (1999). Personality and subjective wellbeing. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 213-229). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253-260. doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6

Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Seidlitz, L., & Diener, M. (1993). The relationship between income and subjective well-being: Relative or absolute? Social Indicators Research, 28(3), 195-223. doi:10.1007/BF01079018

Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1997). Measuring Quality of Life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators (Vol. 40). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276

Diener, R., B (2015, 21/07/2015). [Collecting Subjective Wellbeing Data from Non-lliterate Respondents ].

Diyali, S. (2017). Trafficking Of Women In Nepal And Their Vulnerabilities. International Development, Community and Environment (IDCE), 1-39.

Douglas, M. H., & Wixley, R. A. J. (1986). A Note on the Transformation of Chi-Squared Variables to Normality. The American Statistician, 40(4), 296. doi:10.2307/2684608

Dov, S. (1990). Subjective Well-Being as a Function of Age and Gender: A Multivariate Look for Differentiated Trends. Social Indicators Research, 23(3), 201.

Drasgow, F., & Kanfer, R. (1985). Equivalence of Psychological Measurement in Heterogeneous Populations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(4), 662-680.

Dybikowski, J. C. (1981). Is Aristotelian Eudaimonia Happiness? Dialogue, 20(2), 185-200. doi:10.1017/S0012217300023295

Easterlin, R. A. (1974). Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? . In P. A. David & W. B. Melvin (Eds.), Nations and Households in Economic Growth (pp. 89-125). Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

Easterlin, R. A. (1995). Will Raising the Incomes of All Increase the Happiness of All? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 27, 35-47.

Easterlin, R. A. (2003). Explaining Happiness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(19), 11176.

Easterlin, R. A., McVey, L. A., Switek, M., Sawangfa, O., & Zweig, J. S. (2010). The happiness-income paradox revisited. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(52), 22463-22468.

Ekman, P., & Davidson, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). The nature of emotion. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Emmons, R. A., & Diener, E. (1986). Influence of Impulsivity and Sociability on Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 50(6), 1211-1215.

Engelbrektsson, U.-B., & Subedi, M. (2018). Stigma and leprosy presentations, Nepal (Vol. 89, pp. 362-369).

Evans, D. R. (1994). Enhancing quality of life in the population at large. Social Indicators Research, 33(1-3), 47-88. doi:10.1007/BF01078958

Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975). Eysenek Personality Questionnaire. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.

Fayers, P. M., & Machin, D. (2013). Quality of Life: The assessment, analysis and interpretation of patient-reported outcomes (pp. 568). Retrieved from http://au.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118699459.html

Feinman, S. (1978). The blind as "ordinary people". Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 72, 231-238.

Felce, D., & Perry, J. (1995). Quality of life: Its definition and measurement. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 16(1), 51-74. doi:10.1016/0891-4222(94)00028-8

Feldman, L. A. (1995). Variations in the circumplex structure of mood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(8), 806-817.

Feng, C., Wang, H., Lu, N., Chen, T., He, H., Lu, Y., & Tu, X. M. (2014). Log-transformation and its implications for data analysis. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry(2), 105. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2014.02.009

Fiske, D. W. (1982). Convergent-discriminant validation in measurements and research strategies. In D. Brinberg & L. H. Kidder (Eds.), Forms of validity in research: New directions for methodology in social and behavioral science (pp. 77-92). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Flaherty, J. A., Gaviria, F. M., Pathak, D., Mitchell, T., Wintrob, R., A, R. J., & Birz, S. (1988). Developing instruments for cross-culturing psychiatric research. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 176, 257–263.

Fletcher, J. M. (1938). The wisdom of the mind. Sigma Xi Quarterly, 26, 6-16.

Franck, E., De Raedt, R., Barbez, C., & Rosseel, Y. (2008). Psychometric Properties Of The Dutch Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Vol. 48, pp. 25-34).

Fransman, J. (2005). Understanding literacy: a concept paper Paper commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2006, Literacy for Life. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation

Freire, P. (1993). Pedagogy of the City. New York: Continuum Press.

Freire, P. (1995). Pedagogy of Hope. Reliving Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum.

Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2018). Measurement Invariance. Paper presented at the Measurement Invariance Testing using AMOS, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.

Gautam, R., Saito, T., & Kai, I. (2007). Leisure and religious activity participation and mental health: gender analysis of older adults in Nepal. BMC Public Health, 7, 299-299.

Gautam, R., Saito, T., & Kai, I. (2008). Correlates of life satisfaction among older Nepalese adults living with a son. Bioscience Trends, 2(5), 187-192.

Gee, J., Hull, G., & Lankshear, C. L., Allen & Unwin. (1996). The New Work Order: Behind the Language of the New Capitalism. London: Allen & Unwin.

Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1993). Monte Carlo evaluations of goodnessof-fit indices for structural equation models. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 40–65). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Girling, M. (1977). Towards a definition of basic numeracy. Mathematics Teaching, 81, 4-5.

Global Partnership for Zero Leprosy. (2019). A School-based Leprosy Awareness Campaign in Nepal. Retrieved from https://zeroleprosy.org/zl_toolkit/leprosy-school/

Gnambs, T., Scharl, A., & Schroeders, U. (2018). The Structure of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 226(1), 14–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000317

Green, R., & Nowlis, V. (1957). A factor analytic study of the domain of mood with independent experimental validation of the factors. American Psychologist, 12(4), 438-438.

Gregorich, S. E. (2006). Do Self-Report Instruments Allow Meaningful Comparisons Across Diverse Population Groups?: Testing Measurement Invariance Using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis Framework. Medical Care Measurement in a Multi-Ethnic Society, 44(11), S78-S94.

Grey, J. M., Totsika, V., & Hastings, R. P. (2018). Living with family: perceptions of health and subjective well-being of adults with an intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 62(6), 474-485. doi:10.1111/jir.12479

Grossmann, I., & Kross, E. (2010). The Impact of Culture on Adaptive Versus Maladaptive Self-Reflection. Psychological Science, 21(8), 1150-1157. doi:10.1177/0956797610376655

Grossmann, I., & Na, J. (2014). Research in culture and psychology: past lessons and future challenges. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 5(1), 1-14. doi:10.1002/wcs.1267

Grover, S., & Helliwell, J. F. (2019). How’s Life at Home? New Evidence on Marriage and the Set Point for Happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(2), 373-390. doi:10.1007/s10902-017-9941-3

Gunaratnam, P. J., Britton, W. J., & Hofmey, A. (2013). Leprosy. NSW Public Health Bulletin, 24(2), 50. doi:10.1071/NB12068

Hagerty, M., R, Cummins, R. A., Ferriss, A., L, Land, K., Michalos, A. C., Peterson, M., . . . Vogel, J. (2001). Quality of Life Indexes for National Policy: Review and Agenda for Research. Social Indicators Research, 55(1), 1-96. doi:10.1023/A:1010811312332

Hagge, D. A., Saunders, B. M., Ebenezer, G. J., Ray, N. A., Marks, V. T., Britton, W. J., . . . Adams, L. B. (2009). Lymphotoxin-α and TNF Have Essential but Independent Roles in the Evolution of the Granulomatous Response in Experimental Leprosy. The American Journal of Pathology, 174(4), 1379-1389. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.080550

Hajek, A., & König, H. H. (2019). The role of optimism, self‐esteem, and self‐efficacy in moderating the relation between health comparisons and subjective well‐being: Results of a nationally representative longitudinal study among older adults. British Journal of Health Psychology. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12367

Hartley-Clark, L. (2014). Investigating the Affective Core of Subjective Wellbeing: the Circular Way. (Doctor of Philosophy), Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne.

Harzing, A. (2006). Response styles in cross-national survey research: A 26-country study. International Journal of Crosscultural Management, 6(2), 1-37.

Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1989). Personality, Life Events, and Subjective Wellbeing: Toward a Dynamic Equilibrium Model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(4), 731-739.

Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1992). Understanding happiness: A theory of subjective well-being. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire.

Heeps, L. J. (2000). The Role of Primary/Secondary Control in Positive Psychological Adjustment. (Doctor of Psychology), Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne.

Heijnders, M. L. (2004). The dynamics of stigma in leprosy. International Journal of Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Diseases 72(4), 437–447.

Helliwell, J. F., Layard, R., & Scahs, J. (2017). World happiness report 2017. New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network.

Helson, H. (1964). Adaptation-level theory. Oxford: Harper & Row.

Hensel, E. (2001). Is Satisfaction a Valid Concept in the Assessment of Quality of Life of People with Intellectual Disabilities? A Review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 14(4), 311.

Herzberg, P. Y., Glaesmer, H., & Hoyer, J. (2006). Separating optimism and pessimism: A robust psychometric analysis of the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Psychological Assessment, 18(4), 433-438. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.4.433

Hinz, A., Michalski, D., Schwarz, R., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2007). The acquiescence effect in responding to a questionnaire. GMS Psycho-Social Medicine, 4, Doc07.

Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Michael, R. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.

Hruschka, D. J., Munira, S., Jesmin, K., Hackman, J., & Tiokhin, L. (2018). Learning from failures of protocol in cross-cultural research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States(45), 11428. doi:10.1073/pnas.1721166115

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55.

Huelsman, T. J., Nemanick, R. C., & Munz, D. C. (1998). Scales to measure four dimensions of dispositional mood: positive energy, tiredness, negative activation, and relaxation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58(5), 804-819.

Hui, C. H., & Triandis, H. C. (1989). Effects of culture and response format on extreme response style. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 20, 296-309.

Human Development Index. (2017). Geneva, Swittzerland: United Nations Development Program. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi

Humphrey, G. (1933). The nature of learning in its relation to the living system. New York: Harcourt.

Indigenous Voice. (2019). Indigenous Peoples - National. Retrieved from https://www.indigenousvoice.com/en/indigenous-peoples/national.html

International Wellbeing Group. (2013). Personal Wellbeing Index : 5th Edition Melbourne: Centre on Quality of Life, Deakin University Retrieved from http://www.deakin.edu.au/research/acqol/instruments/wellbeing-index/index.php.

Jakab, Z. (2011). Designing the road to better health and well-being in Europe. Paper presented at the 14th European Health Forum Gastein, Bad Hofgastein, Austria. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/152184/RD_Dastein_speech_wellbeing_07Oct.pdf

John D. Winkler, J. D., Kanouse, D. E., & Ware, J. E. (1982). Controlling for Acquiescence Response Set in Scale Development. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(5), 555-561.

Jöreskog, K. G. (1993). Testing structural equation models. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 294–316). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Joshanloo, M. (2013). A comparison of Western and Islamic conceptions of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(6), 1857-1874.

Joshanloo, M. (2018). Gender differences in the predictors of life satisfaction across 150 nations. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 312–315.

Joshanloo, M., & Jovanović, V. (2019). The relationship between gender and life satisfaction: analysis across demographic groups and global regions. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 1-8. doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00998-w

Jovanovic, V. (2011). Personality and subjective well-being: One neglected model of personality and two forgotten aspects of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(5), 631-635. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.12.008

Jovanovic, V., & Brdar, I. (2018). The cross-national measurement invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in a sample of undergraduate students. Pers. Individ. Differ., 128, 7-9. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.010

Jovanovic, V., Cummins, R. A., Weinberg, M., Kaliterna, L., & Prizmic-Larsen, Z. (2019). Personal Wellbeing Index: A Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance Study Across Four Countries. Journal of Happiness Studies(3), 759. doi:10.1007/s10902-018-9966-2

Jovanovic, V., Cummins, R. A., Weinberg, M., Kaliterna, L., & Prizmic-Larsen, Z. (2019). Personal Wellbeing Index: A cross-cultural measurement invariance study in Australia, Croatia, and Serbia.

Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (1999). Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology NewYork: Russell Sage Foundation.

Kamman, R. (1982). Personal circumstances and life-events as poor predictors of happiness. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED225089

Kamody, R. C., Berlin, K. S., Hains, A. A., Kichler, J. C., Davies, H. W., Diaz-Thomas, A. M., & Ferry, R. J. (2014). Assessing Measurement Invariance of the Diabetes Stress Questionnaire in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 39(10), 1138-1148. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsu076

Kaplan, H. (1975). Self-Attitudes and Deviant Behavior. California: Good-year Publishing.

Kapuria, P. (2014). A Human Well-Being Perspective to the Measurement of Quality of Life: Findings From the City of Delhi. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 11(1), 125-145. doi:10.1007/s11482-014-9358-7

Kazanas, S. A., & Altarriba, J. (2015). The Survival Advantage: Underlying Mechanisms and Extant Limitations. Evolutionary Psychology, 13(2), 147470491501300204. doi:10.1177/147470491501300204

Kazeem, O., & Adegun, T. (2011). Leprosy stigma: ironing out the creases. Leprosy Review, 82(2), 103-108.

Keith, K., Yamamoto, M., Okita, N., & Schalock, R. (1995). Cross-cultural quality of life: Japanese and American college students. Social Behavior and Personality, 23(2), 163-170. doi:10.2224/sbp.1995.23.2.163

Keith, K. D. (2019). Psychology and Culture: An Introduction. In K. D. Keith (Ed.), Cross-cultural psychology: contemporary themes and perspectives (Second edition. ed.): Wiley Blackwell.

Keith, K. D., Heal, L. W., & Schalock, R. L. (1996). Cross-cultural measurement of critical quality of life concepts. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 21(4), 273-293. doi:10.1080/13668259600033201

Kesebir, P., & Diener, E. (2008). In Pursuit of Happiness: Empirical Answers to Philosophical Questions. Perspectives on psychological science, 3(2), 117-125.

Kjell, O. N. E., Daukantaite, D., Hefferon, K., & Sikstrom, S. (2016). The Harmony in Life Scale Complements the Satisfaction with Life Scale: Expanding the Conceptualization of the Cognitive Component of Subjective Well-Being. Social Indicators Research(2), 893. doi:10.1007/s11205-015-0903-z

Knowles, M. S. (1980). The modern practice of adult education. New York: Adult Education.

Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as a Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Kong, F., Hu, S., Wang, X., Song, Y., & Liu, J. (2015). Neural correlates of the happy life: The amplitude of spontaneous low frequency fluctuations predicts subjective well-being. NeuroImage, 107, 136-145. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.033

Kushman, J., & Lane, S. (1980). A multivariate analysis of factors affecting perceived life satisfaction and psychological well-being among the elderly. Social Science Quarterly, 61, 264–277.

Lachman, M. E., & Weaver, S. L. (1998). The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 763 - 773.

Lai, L. C., Cummins, R. A., & Lau, A. L. D. (2013). Cross-Cultural Difference in Subjective Wellbeing: Cultural Response Bias as an Explanation. Social Indicators Research, 114(2), 607-619. doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0164-z

Lai, L. C.-H. (2015). Who Is More Collectivistic? Hong Kong Chinese or Australian Chinese. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3(9), 8-15.

Land, K. C., Michalos, A. C., & Sirgy, M. J. (2012). Prologue: The Development and Evolution of research on Social Indicators and Quality of Life (QOL). In K. C. Land, A. C. Michalos, & M. J. Sirgy (Eds.), Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research. New York: Springer.

Lanyon, R. I., & Goodstein, L. D. (1997). Personality assessment (3 ed.). New York: Wiley.

Larsen, R. J., & Diener, E. (1992). Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotion Emotion. (pp. 25-59). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.

Lau, A. L. D., Chi, I., Cummins, R. A., Lee, T. M. C., Chou, K. L., & Chung, L. W. M. (2008). The SARS (Severe Acute Respitory Syndrome) pandemic in Hong Kong: Effects on the subjective wellbeing of elderly and younger people. Journal of Ageing and Mental Health, 12, 746-760. doi:10.1080/13607860802380607

Lau, A. L. D., Cummins, R. A., & McPherson, W. (2005). An Investigation into the Cross-Cultural Equivalence of the Personal Wellbeing Index. Social Indicators Research, 72(3), 403-430. doi:10.2307/27522208

Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 518-530.

Lee, J. W., Jones, P. S., Mineyama, Y., & Zhang, X. E. (2002). Cultural differences in responses to a Likert scale. Research in Nursing & Health, 25, 295-306.

Li, F., Niu, X., & Li, Y. (2011). Age-related and situation-related social desirability responding among Chinese teachers. The Journal of social psychology, 151(6), 667. doi:10.1080/00224545.2010.522614

Little, T. D. (1997). Mean and Covariance Structures (MACS) Analyses of Cross-Cultural Data: Practical and Theoretical Issues. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(1), 53-76. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3201_3

Lonner, W. J., Keith, K. D., & Matsumoto, D. (2019). Culture and the Psychological Curriculum: Foundations and Resources. In D. Matsumoto & H. C. Hwang (Eds.), David Matsumoto, Hyisung C. Hwang (pp. 3-44).

Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1993). Manual for the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scales. Sydney: Psychology Foundation of Australia.

Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). Manual of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Sydney: Psychology Foundation of Australia.

Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U

Lucas, R., E, Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1996). Discriminant Validity of Well-Being Measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 616–628. doi:00005205-199609000-00014

Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E. (2004). Unemployment Alters the Set Point for Life Satisfaction. Psychological Science, 15(1), 8.

Luo, J. (2019). Why Is Happiness Adaptation to Poverty Limited? SSRN, 1-34.

Lykken, D., & Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a stochastic phenomenom. Psychological Science, 7(3), 186-189.

Lykken, D., & Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a Stochastic Phenomenon. Psychological Science (Sage Publications Inc.), 7(3), 186-189.

Mahat, G., & Scoloveno, M. A. (2001). Factors influencing health practices of Nepalese adolescent girls. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 15(5), 251-255. doi:10.1067/mph.2001.113002

Maher, E., & Cummins, R. A. (2001). Subjective quality of life, perceived control and dispositional optimism among older people: Council on the Ageing.

Mandel, D. R., Catellani, P., & Hilton, D. J. (2005). The Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking: Taylor & Francis.

Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of Multivariate Skewness and Kurtosis with Applications. Biometrika, 57(3), 519-530. doi:10.2307/2334770

Mardia, K. V. (1974). Applications of Some Measures of Multivariate Skewness and Kurtosis in Testing Normality and Robustness Studies. Sankhyā: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Series B (1960-2002), 36(2), 115-128.

Mc Kennell, A. (1978). Cognition and affect in perceptions of well-being. Social Indicators Research, 5(1-4), 389.

McCall, S. (1975). Quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 2, 229–248.

McGue, M., Bacon, S., & Lykken, D. T. (1993). Personality stability and change in early adulthood: A behavioural genetic analysis. Developmental Psychology, 29, 96–109.

McHorney, C. A., War, J. E., Jr., Lu, J. F. R., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1994). The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): III. Tests of Data Quality, Scaling Assumptions, and Reliability across Diverse Patient Groups. Medical Care, 32(1), 40-66. doi:10.2307/3766189

McHorney, C. A., Ware, J. E., Jr., & Raczek, A. E. (1993). The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and Clinical Tests of Validity in Measuring Physical and Mental Health Constructs. Medical Care, 31(3), 247-263. doi:10.2307/3765819

McKennell, A. C., & Andrews, F. M. (1980). Models of cognition and affect in perceptions of well-being. Social Indicators Research, 8(3), 257-298. doi:10.1007/BF00292640

McKnight, P. E., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Purpose in Life as a System That Creates and Sustains Health and Well-Being: An Integrative, Testable Theory. Review of General Psychology, 13(3), 242-251. doi:10.1037/a0017152

Mellor, D., Hayashi, Y., Firth, L., Stokes, M. J., Chambers, S., & Cummins, R. A. (2008). Volunteering and Well-Being: Do Self-Esteem, Optimism, and Perceived Control Mediate the Relationship? Journal of Social Service Research, 34, 61-70. doi:10.1080/01488370802162483

Meng Lin, X., & Shing On, L. (2018). Effects of varying numbers of Likert scale points on factor structure of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 21(3), 119-128. doi:10.1111/ajsp.12214

Michaelides, M. P., Zenger, M., Koutsogiorgi, C., Brähler, E., Stöbel-Richter, Y., & Berth, H. (2016). Personality correlates and gender invariance of wording effects in the German version of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 13–18.

Michalos, A. C. (1983). Satisfaction and happiness in a rural northern resource community. Social Indicators Research, 13(3), 225-252. doi:10.1007/BF00318099

Michalos, A. C. (1985). Multiple Discrepancies Theory (MDT). Social Indicators Research, 16(4), 347-413.

Michalos, A. C. (2004). Social indicators research and health-related quality of life research Social Indicators Research, 65(1), 27-72.

Milfont, T. L., & Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Applications in cross-cultural research. Probando la invariancia de mediciones entre varios grupos: aplicaciones en la investigación transcultural., 3(1), 111-121.

Mishra, S. S. K. (2018). Highlights of Telecom Subscription Data as on 28th February, 2018. Retrieved from New Delhi:

Mook, J., Chr, W., & Ploeg, H. M. (1992). Positively and negatively worded items in a self-report measure of dispositional optimism. Psychological Reports, 71, 275-278.

Morris, W. N. (1989). Mood: The frame of mind. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Na, J., Grossmann, I., Varnum, M. E. W., Kitayama, S., Gonzalez, R., & Nisbett, R. E. (2010). Cultural differences are not always reducible to individual differences.(PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES)(Author abstract)(Report). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 107(14), 6192. doi:10.1073/pnas.1001911107

National Planning Commission Secretariat. (2012). National Population and Housing Census. Kathmandu, Nepal: Central Bureau of Statistics.

Nepal Telecommunications Authority. (2018). Management Information System Report of Nepal (NTAMIS128). Retrieved from Kathmandu: http://www.nta.gov.np/old/en/mis-reports-en.html

Nes, R. B., Røysamb, E., Tambs, K., Harris, J. R., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2006). Subjective well-being: genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change. Psychological Medicine, 36(7), 1033-1042. doi:10.1017/S0033291706007409

Neugarten, B. L., Ha, v., R. J, & Tobin, S. S. (1961). The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16, 134-143.

Noll, H., & Zapf, W. (1994). Social Indicators Research: Societal Monitoring and Social Reporting In I. Borg & P. Mohler (Eds.), Trends and Perspectives in Empirical Social Research. New York: Walter de Gruyter.

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Oatley, K., & Johnson-laird, P. N. (1987). Towards a Cognitive Theory of Emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 1(1), 29-50. doi:10.1080/02699938708408362

Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242-249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010

OECD. (2014). Society at a Glance 2014: OECD Social Indicators. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/soc_glance-2014-en

Olsson, U. H., Foss, T., Troye, S. V., & Howell, R. D. (2000). The Performance of ML, GLS, and WLS Estimation in Structural Equation Modeling Under Conditions of Misspecification and Nonnormality. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 7(4), 557-595. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0704_3

Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS Survival Manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (Version 12). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978). The Structure of Coping. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19(1), 2-21.

Peterson, C. (1999). Personal control and wellbeing. In E. Diener, N. Schwarz, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 288-301). New York: Russell Sage.

Pickard, A. S., & Knight, S. J. (2005). Proxy Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Multiple Proxy Perspectives. Medical Care, 43(5), 493-499. doi:10.2307/3768404

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Jeong-Yeon, L., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.

Posner, J., Russell, J. A., & Peterson, B. S. (2005). The circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol, 17(3), 715-734. doi:10.1017/S0954579405050340

Quilty, L. C., Oakman, J. M., & Risko, E. (2006). Correlates of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Method Effects. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 13(1), 99-117. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1301_5

Rafferty, J. (2005). Curing the stigma of leprosy (Vol. 76, pp. 119-126).

Rafferty, J. (2005). Curing the stigma of leprosy. Leprosy Review, 76(2), 119–126.

Raju, M. S., Rao, P. S. S., & Mutatkar, R. K. (2014). Eliminating Lepsosy Stigma: A Manual for Community Action (3 ed.). New Delhi, India: S. R. Health Sciences.

Ranjit Kumar, J. H., & Verghese, A. (1980). Psychiatric Disturbances Among Leprosy Patients: An Epidemiological Study'. International Journal of Leprosy, 48, 431-434.

Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2000). A first course in structural equation modeling. Mahwah: Erlbaum.

Reid, D. W., & Ziegler, M. (1980). Validity and Stability of a New Desired Control Measure Pertaining to Psychological Adjustment of the Elderly1. Journal of Gerontology, 35(3), 395-402. doi:10.1093/geronj/35.3.395

Reilley, S. P., Geers, A. L., Lindsay, D. L., Deronde, L., & Dember, W. N. (2005). Convergence and predictive validity in measures of optimism and pessimism: Sequential studies. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 24(1), 43-59. doi:10.1007/s12144-005-1003-z

Reisenzein, R. (1994). Pleasure-arousal theory and the intensity of emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 525. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.525

Richardson, B., Fuller Tyszkiewicz, M. D., Tomyn, A. J., & Cummins, R. A. (2015). The Psychometric Equivalence of the Personal Wellbeing Index for Normally Functioning and Homeostatically Defeated Australian Adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 627-641. doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9613-0

Rigdon, E. E. (1996). CFI versus RMSEA: A comparison of two fit indexes for structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(4), 369-379. doi:10.1080/10705519609540052

Roberts, P. (1995). Defining Literacy: Paradise, Nightmare or Red Herring? British Journal of Educational Studies, 43(4), 412-432. doi:10.2307/3121809

Robinson, M. D., Watkins, E. R., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2000). Cognition and Emotion. In T. Dalgleish & M. J. Power (Eds.), Handbook of Cognition and Emotion. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.

Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the Self. Malabar, FL: Robert E. Krieger.

Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J. R., & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 5-37. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.5

Russell, J. A. (1979). Affective Space is Bipolar. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37(3), 345-356.

Russell, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 1161-1178. doi:10.1037/h0077714

Russell, J. A. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review(1), 145.

Russell, J. A. (2009). Emotion, core affect, and psychological construction. Cognition and Emotion, 23(7), 12591283.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141.

Saeeda, S. (2004). The Researcher/Interviewer in Intercultural Context: A Social Intruder! British Educational Research Journal, 30(4), 549.

Salerno, L., Ingoglia, S., & Lo Coco, G. (2017). Competing factor structures of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and its measurement invariance across clinical and non-clinical samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 113, 13-19. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.063

Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (1990). Social support: An interactional view New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Saxena, S., & Orley, J. (1997). Quality of life assessment: The world health organization perspective. European Psychiatry, 12, Supplement 3, 263s-266s. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(97)89095-5

Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69(5), 379-399.

Schafer, J. L. (1999). Multiple imputation: a primer. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 8, 3-15.

Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247.

Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A re-evaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078.

Scherer, K. R. (1984). Emotion as a multicomponent process: A model and some cross-cultural data. Review of Personality & Social Psychology, 5, 37-63.

Schlosberg, H. (1952). The description of facial expressions in terms of two dimensions. Journal Of Experimental Psychology, 44(4), 229-237. doi:10.1037/h0055778

Schmitt, D. P., & Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology(4), 623.

Shettleworth, S. J. (2010). Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Singh, A. B., Uppada, S.B. & Dhawan, P. . (2017). Claudin proteins, outside-in signaling, and carcinogenesis. Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 469(1), 69-75. doi:10.1007/s00424-016-1919-1

Singh, G. P. (2012). Psychosocial aspects of Hansen's disease (leprosy). Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 3(3), 166-170. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.101811

Singh, K., Ruch, W., & Junnarkar, M. (2015). Effect of the Demographic Variables and Psychometric Properties of the Personal Well-Being Index for School Children in India. Child Indicators Research, 8(3), 571-585. doi:10.1007/s12187-014-9264-4

Sneeuw, K. C. A., Sprangers, M. A. G., & Aaronson, N. K. (2002). The role of health care providers and significant others in evaluating the quality of life of patients with chronic disease. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 55(11), 1130-1143. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00479-1

Song, H., Cai, H., Brown, J. D., & Grimm, K. J. (2011). Differential item functioning of the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale in the US and China: Measurement bias matters. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 14(3), 176-188. doi:10.1111/j.1467-839X.2011.01347.x

Stening, B. W., & Everett, J. E. (1984). Response styles in a cross-cultural managerial study. Journal of Social Psychology, 122, 151-156.

Stevelink, S. A., Terwee, C. B., Banstola, N., & van Brakel, W. H. (2013). Testing the psychometric properties of the Participation Scale in Eastern Nepal. Quality of Life Research, 22(1), 137-144. doi:10.1007/s11136-012-0116-8

Stevelink, S. A., & van Brakel, W. H. (2013). The cross-cultural equivalence of participation instruments: a systematic review. Disability & Rehabilitation, 35(15), 1256-1268.

Stiegelis, H. E., Hagedoorn, M., Sanderman, R., van der Zee, K. I., Buuk, B., & ven den Bergh, A. C. (2003). Cognitive adaption: A comparison of cancer patients and healthy references. British Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 303-318.

Stokes, M., Fisher, K., Cummins, R. A., & Tunbridge, L. (2018). Procedures for engaging Measurement Invariance testing. Deakin University. Melbourne, Australia.

Subba, U. K. (2006). A Study on Quality of Life of Nepalese Women. achademia.edu. Retrieved from

Subedi, M., & Engelbrektsson, U.-B. (2018). Factors Contributing to Delay in Diagnosis and Start of Treatment of Leprosy: Analysis of Help-seeking Narratives from a Community Study in Dang District. Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 11-17.

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics: Pearson New International Edition (6 ed.). Essex: Pearson Education Limited.

Tam, K.-P., Lau, H. P. B., & Jiang, D. (2012). Culture and Subjective Well-Being: A Dynamic Constructivist View. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(1), 23-31. doi:10.1177/0022022110388568

Taylor, C. C. W. (2000). Democritus. In C. C. Rowe & M. Schofield (Eds.), The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and Well-being: A Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 193-210.

Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1994). Positive Illusions and Well-Being Revisited: Separating Fact From Fiction. Psychological Bulletin, 116(1), 21-27.

Taylor, Z. E., Jochem, R., Early, D. R., Conger, R. D., Widaman, K. F., & Robins, R. W. (2012). Dispositional optimism: A psychological resource for Mexican-origin mothers experiencing economic stress. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(1), 133-139. doi:10.1037/a0026755

Thayer, R. E. (1967). Measurement of Activation through Self-Report. Psychological Reports, 20(2), 663-678. doi:10.2466/pr0.1967.20.2.663

The Australian Centre on Quality of Life. (2017). Australian Unity Wellbeing Index Summary Report 2002-2017. Melbourne: Deakin University Retrieved from http://www.acqol.com.au/reports/auwbi.php.

The WHOQOL Group. (1995). The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the World Health Organization. Social Science & Medicine, 41(10), 1403-1409. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-K

The WHOQOL Group. (1998). Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Assessment. Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 551-558.

The World Bank. (2015). World Bank Forecasts Global Poverty to Fall Below 10% for First Time; Major Hurdles Remain in Goal to End Poverty by 2030. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/10/04/world-bank-forecasts-global-poverty-to-fall-below-10-for-first-time-major-hurdles-remain-in-goal-to-end-poverty-by-2030

Thompson, R. F. (2009). Habituation: A history. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 92, 127–134.

Tolor, A. (1978). Personality Correlates Of The Joy of Life. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(3), 671-676.

Tomyn, A. J., & Cummins, R. A. (2011). Subjective Wellbeing and Homeostatically Protected Mood: Theory Validation With Adolescents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(5), 897-914. doi:10.1007/s10902-010-9235-5

Tomyn, A. J., & Cummins, R. A. (2011). The Subjective Wellbeing of High-School Students: Validating the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children. Social Indicators Research, 101(3), 405-418. doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9668-6

Tomyn, A. J., Fuller Tyszkiewicz, M., & Cummins, R. A. (2013). The Personal Wellbeing Index: Psychometric Equivalence for Adults and School Children. Social Indicators Research, 110(3), 913-924. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9964-9

Tonsing, K. N. (2014). Psychometric properties and validation of Nepali version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 8(0), 63-66. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2013.11.001

Tov, W., & Diener, E. (2007). Culture and subjective well-being. In S. Kitayama & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of cultural psychology. New York: Guilford.

UNESCO. (2006). Literacy for Life: Education For All Global Monitoring Report. Retrieved from Paris: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Documents/gmr06-en.pdf

Unicef. (2015). Nepal: Background. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/nepal_nepal_background.html

Unicef. (2015). State of The World's Children. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/SOWC_2015_Summary_and_Tables.pdf

Van Brakel, W., Anderson, A., Mutatkar, R., Bakirtzief, Z., Nicholls, P., Raju, M., & Das-Pattanayak, R. (2006). The Participation Scale: Measuring a key concept in public health. Disability & Rehabilitation, 28(4), 193-203.

Van De Schoot, R., Schmidt, P., De Beuckelaer, A., Lek, K., & Zondervan-Zwijnenburg, M. (2015). Editorial: Measurement Invariance. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1064.

van der Zee, C. H., Priesterbach, A. R., van der Dussen, L. K. A., Schepers, V. P., Visser-Meily, J. M., & Post, M. W. (2010). Reproducibility of three self-report participation measures: The ICF Measure of Participation and Activities Screener, the Participation Scale, and the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 42, 752–757.

Varnum, M. E. W., Grossmann, I., Kitayama, S., & Nisbett, R. E. (2010). The origin of cultural differences in cognition: The social orientation hypothesis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(1), 9-13. doi:10.1177/0963721409359301

Vautier, S., Raufaste, E., & Cariou, M. (2003). Dimensionality of the Revised Life Orientation Test and the status of filler items. International Journal of Psychology, 38(6), 390-400. doi:10.1080/00207590344000222

Veenhoven, R. (1994). Is Happiness a Trait?: "Tests of the Theory that a Better Society Does Not Make People Any Happier". Social Indicators Research, 32(2), 101-160.

Veenhoven, R. (1996). Developments in satisfaction-research. Social Inicators Research, 37, 1-46.

Vitterso, J. (2001). Personality traits and subjective well-being: emotional stability, not extraversion, is probably the important predictor. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(6), 903-914. doi:http://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00192-6

Vitterso, J., & Nilsen, F. (2002). The Conceptual and Relational Structure of Subjective Well-Being, Neuroticism, and Extraversion: Once Again, Neuroticism Is the Important Predictor of Happiness. Social Indicators Research, 57(1), 89-118.

Vogel, J. (1997). The Future Direction of Social Indicator Research. Social Indicators Research, 42, 103–116.

Watkins, D., & Cheung, S. (1995). Culture, gender, and response bias: An analysis of responses to Self-Description Questionnaire. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 490-504.

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.

Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 219-235.

Watson, N., & Wooden, M. (2012). The HILDA Survey: A case study in the design and development of a successful household panel study. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 3(3), 369–381.

Weinberg, M. K., Heath, N., & Tomyn, A. J. (2015). Rebound or Resignation: Developing a Predictive Model of Return to Subjective Wellbeing Set-Point. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1-11. doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9659-z

Weinberg, M. K., Seton, C., & Cameron, N. (2018). The Measurement of Subjective Wellbeing: Item-Order Effects in the Personal Wellbeing Index—Adult. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(1), 315-332. doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9822-1

Wheaton, B., Muthén, B., Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. In D. R. Heise (Ed.), Sociological methodology. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Widmaier, E. P., Raff, H., & Strang, K. T. (2016). Vander's Human Physiology: The mechanisms of body function (14 ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Education.

Wilkie, W. L., & Edgar, A. P. (1973). Issues in Marketing's Use of Multi-Attribute Attitude Models. Journal of Marketing Research, 10, 428-441.

Williams, L. J., Ronald Buckley, M., & Cote, J. A. (1989). Lack of Method Variance in Self-Reported Affect and Perceptions at Work: Reality or Artifact? Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(3), 462.

Wills, E. (2009). Spirituality and subjective well-being: Evidences for a new domain in the personal wellbeing index. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 49–69.

Wilson, W. (1967). Correlates of avowed happiness. Psychological Bulletin, 67, 294-306.

Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., & Miller, M. W. (2013). Sample Size Requirements for Structural Equation Models: An Evaluation of Power, Bias, and Solution Propriety. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(6), 913–934. doi:10.1177/0013164413495237

Woodworth, R. S., & Schlosberg, H. (1938). Experimental Psychology (3 ed.). London: Methuen & Co.

World Health Assembly. (1991). Leprosy resolution WHA 44.9 (WHA44.9 ). Retrieved from Geneva: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/mediacentre/WHA_44.9_Eng.pdf

World Health Organisation. (1948, 26/09/2014). Constitution of the World Health Organisation. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf

World Health Organisation. (2014). Weekly epidemiological record Retrieved from Geneva: http://www.who.int/wer/2014/wer8936.pdf?ua=1

World Health Organisation. (2019). Global leprosy update, 2018: moving towards a leprosy-free world. Weekly epidemiological record 94, 389–412.

World Health Organisation. (2019). Leprosy. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leprosy

Wortman, C., & Silver, R. (1982). Coping with undesirable life events. Paper presented at the 90th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.

Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Schulz, R. (2003). The Importance of Goal Disengagement in Adaptive Self-Regulation: When Giving Up is Beneficial. Self & Identity, 2(1), 1. doi:10.1080/15298860309021

Yaduvanshi, A. K., Abraham, A., Jain, S., & Tomar, S. (2016). A study of psychological correlates in leprosy patients of Agra and Kanpur district. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 7(3), 319-322.

Yik, M., Russell, J. A., & Steiger, J. H. (2011). A 12-Point Circumplex Structure of Core Affect. Emotion, 11(4), 705-731.

Yik, M. S. M., Russell, J. A., & Feldmam, B. L. (1999). Structure of self-reported current affect: Integration and beyond. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 600–619.

Yousif, A. A. (2003). Literacy: An Overview of definitions and assessment. Paper presented at the Expert Meeting on Literacy Assessment, Paris.

Zax, M., & Takahashi, S. (1967). Cultural influences on response style: Camparisons of Japanese and American college students. Journal of Social Psychology, 71, 3-10.

Coming Up

Upcoming events and services

Featured Events

May 2026